[Nov-2024] CTFL4 Exam Questions and Valid CTFL4 Dumps PDF [Q54-Q69]

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[Nov-2024] CTFL4 Exam Questions and Valid CTFL4 Dumps PDF

CTFL4 Brain Dump: A Study Guide with Tips & Tricks for passing Exam

BCS CTFL4 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Test Tools: The topic discusses classification of tools. It also focuses on the risks and benefits of test automation.
Topic 2	Fundamentals of Testing: It discusses the basic principles related to testing. The topic evaluates your understandings about the test process.
Topic 3	Managing the Test Activities: This topic explains how to plan tests in general, monitor and control test activities, and report defects in a clear and understandable way.

QUESTION 54
Which one of the following statements IS NOT a valid objective of testing?

To build confidence in the level of quality of the test object.

To find all defects in a product, ensuring the product is defect free.

To find failures and defects

To evaluate work products such as requirements, user stories, design, and code.

QUESTION 55
Which two of the following statements describe the advantages provided by good traceability between the test basis and test work products?
I . Analyzing the impact of changes.
ii . A measure of code quality.
iii . Accurate test estimation.
iv . Making testing auditable.
Select the correct answer:

i and ii

i and iv

i and iii

ii and iii

QUESTION 56
Metrics can be collected during and at the end of testing activities to assess which of the following?
i. Progress against the planned schedule and budget.
II . Current quality of the test object.
Hi. Adequacy of the test approach.
iv . Effectiveness of the test activities with respect to the objectives.
v. All the above.
Select the correct answer:

Only i and ii .

Only i and iii .

Only I, ii and iv .

Only v.

QUESTION 57
Which of the following statements is not correct?

Looking for defects in a system may require Ignoring system details

Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product

Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity

Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity

QUESTION 58
Which of the following statements about the test pyramid is TRUE?

Each layer of the test pyramid groups tests related to a single non-functional quality charactenstic.

The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more production code a single automated test within the layer tends to cover

The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more maintainable a single automated test within the layer tends to be

The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more isolated a single automated test within the layer tends to be.

QUESTION 59
A possible risk of introducing test automation is:

the tool may not be fit-for-purpose.

the tool may create additional development dependencies.

the tool may not be compatible with the development platform.

the tool will be owned and maintained by developers and replace testers.

QUESTION 60
Which of the following statements about static testing and dynamic testing is TRUE?

Static testing is better suited than dynamic testing for highlighting issues that could indicate inappropriate code modulansation.

Dynamic testing can only be applied to executable work products, while static testing can only be applied to non-executable work products.

Both dynamic testing and static testing cause failures, but failures caused by static testing are usually easier and cheaper to analyse.

Security vulnerabilities can only be detected when the software is being executed, and thus they can only be detected through dynamic testing, not through static testing

QUESTION 61
Consider the following examples of risks identified in different software development projects
[1]. It may not be possible to generate the expected workloads to run performance tests, due to the poor hardware equipment of the machines (load injectors) that should generate these workloads.
[ii]. A user’s session on a web application is not invalidated after a certain period of inactivity (configured by the system administrator) of the user,
[iii]. The test team will not have an adequate requirements specification (since many requirements will still be missing) by the time test design and analysis activities should begin according to the test plan.
[IV]. Following a failure, the system is unable to continue to maintain its pre-failure operation and some data becomes corrupted.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

[ii] and [IV] are product risks; [i] and [iii] are project risks

[ii]and [iii] are product risks. [I] and [IV] are project risks.

[i], and [iV] are product risks; [ii] and [iii] are project risks

[i], [II] and [iii] are product risks, [IV] is a project risk.

QUESTION 62
The acceptance criteria associated with a user story:

are often written in a rule-oriented format using the template referred to as “Given/When/Then”

are often documented following in rule-oriented format using the following template: “As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can [benefit]”

can be written in different formats and represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation’ of the so called “3 C’s”

must be written in one of the two following formats: scenario-oriented or rule-oriented

QUESTION 63
Confirmation testing is performed after:

a defect is fixed and after other tests do not find any side-effect introduced in the software as a result of such fix

a failed test, and aims to run that test again to confirm that the same behavior still occurs and thus appears to be reproducible

the execution of an automated regression test suite to confirm the absence of false positives in the test results

a defect is fixed, and if such testing is successful then the regression tests that are relevant for such fix can be executed

QUESTION 64
Consider the following user story about an e-commerce website’s registration feature that only allows registered users to make purchases ; As a new user, I want to register to the website, so that I can start shopping online” The following are some of the acceptance criteria defined for the user story
[a] The registration form consists of the following fields: username, email address, first name, last name, date of birth, password and repeat password.
[b] To submit the registration request, the new user must fill in all the fields of the registration form with valid values and must agree to the terms and conditions.
[c] To be valid, the email address must not be provided by free online mail services that allow to create disposable email addresses. A dedicated error message must be presented to inform the new user when an invalid address is entered.
[d] To be valid, the first name and last name must contain only alphabetic characters and must be between 2 and 80 characters long A dedicated error message must be presented to inform the new user when an invalid first name and/or the last name is entered
[e] After submitting the registration request, the new user must receive an e-mail containing the confirmation link to the e-mail address specified in the registration form Based only on the given information, which of the following ATDD tests is MOST LIKELY to be written first?

The new user enters valid values in the fields of the registration form, except for the email address, where he/she enters an e-mail address provided by a free online mail service that allow to create disposable email addresses. Then he/she is informed by the website about this issue.

The new user enters valid values in the fields of the registration form, except for the first name, where he/she enters a first name with 10 characters that contains a number. Then he/she is informed by the website about this issue.

The user accesses the website with a username and password, and successfully places a purchase order for five items, paying by Mastercard credit card

The new user enters valid values in all the fields of the registration form, confirms to accept all the terms and conditions, submits the registration request and then receives an e-mail containing the confirmation link to the e-mail address specified in the registration form

QUESTION 65
Which of the following issues cannot be identified by static analysis tools?

Very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure)

Potentially endless loops

Referencing a variable with an undefined value

Security vulnerabilities

Static analysis tools are software tools that examine the source code of a program without executing it. They can detect various types of issues, such as syntax errors, coding standards violations, security vulnerabilities, and potential bugs12. However, static analysis tools cannot identify issues that depend on the runtime behavior or performance of the program, such as very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure)3. MTBF is a measure of the reliability of a system or component. It is calculated by dividing the total operating time by the number of failures. MTBF reflects how often a system or component fails during its expected lifetime. Static analysis tools cannot measure MTBF because they do not run the program or observe its failures. MTBF can only be estimated by dynamic testing, which involves executing the program under various conditions and collecting data on its failures4. Therefore, very low MTBF is an issue that cannot be identified by static analysis tools. The other options, such as potentially endless loops, referencing a variable with an undefined value, and security vulnerabilities, are issues that can be identified by static analysis tools. Static analysis tools can detect potentially endless loops by analyzing the control flow and data flow of the program and checking for conditions that may never become false5. Static analysis tools can detect referencing a variable with an undefined value by checking the scope and initialization of variables and reporting any use of uninitialized variables6. Static analysis tools can detect security vulnerabilities by checking for common patterns of insecure code, such as buffer overflows, SQL injections, cross-site scripting, and weak encryption. Reference = What Is Static Analysis? Static Code Analysis Tools – Perforce Software, How Static Code Analysis Works | Perforce, Static Code Analysis: Techniques, Top 5 Benefits & 3 Challenges, What is MTBF? Mean Time Between Failures Explained | Perforce, Static analysis tools – Software Testing MCQs – CareerRide, ISTQB_Chapter3 | Quizizz, [Static Code Analysis for Security Vulnerabilities | Perforce].

QUESTION 66
A test status report SHOULD:

Specify the impediments to carrying out the planned test activities in the reporting period and the corresponding solutions put in place to remove them

Be produced as part of test completion activities and report unmitigated product risks to support the decision whether or not to release the product

Always be based on the same template within an organisation, as its structure and contents should not be affected by the audience to which the report is presented.

Specify the lines of communication between testing, other lifecycle activities, and within the organisation that were chosen at the outset of the test project.

QUESTION 67
Which of the following is an advantage of the whole team approach?

It helps avoid the risk of tasks associated with a user story not moving through the Agile task board at an acceptable rate during an iteration.

It helps team members understand the current status of an iteration by visualising the amount of work left to do compared to the time allotted for the iteration

It helps the whole team be more effective in test case design by requiring all team members to master all types of test techniques.

It helps team members develop better relationships with each other and make their collaboration more effective for the benefit of the project.

QUESTION 68
Which of the following statements is true?

Experience-based test techniques rely on the experience of testers to identify the root causes of defects found by black-box test techniques

Some of the most common test basis used by white-box test techniques include user stories, use cases and business processes

Experience-based test techniques are often useful to detect hidden defects that have not been targeted by black-box test techniques

The primary goal of experience-based test techniques is to design test cases that can be easily automated using a GUI-based test automation tool

Experience-based test techniques are test design techniques that rely on the experience, knowledge, intuition, and creativity of the testers to identify and execute test cases that are likely to find defects in the software system. Experience-based test techniques are often useful to detect hidden defects that have not been targeted by black-box test techniques, which are test design techniques that use the external behavior and specifications of the software system as the test basis, without considering its internal structure or implementation. Experience-based test techniques can complement black-box test techniques by covering aspects that are not explicitly specified, such as usability, security, reliability, performance, etc. The other statements are false, because:
Experience-based test techniques do not rely on the experience of testers to identify the root causes of defects found by black-box test techniques, but rather to identify the potential sources of defects based on their own insights, heuristics, or exploratory testing. The root causes of defects are usually identified by debugging or root cause analysis, which are activities that involve examining the code or the development process to find and fix the errors that led to the defects.
Some of the most common test basis used by white-box test techniques include the source code, the design documents, the architecture diagrams, and the control flow graphs of the software system. White-box test techniques are test design techniques that use the internal structure and implementation of the software system as the test basis, and aim to achieve a certain level of test coverage based on the code elements, such as statements, branches, paths, etc. User stories, use cases, and business processes are examples of test basis used by black-box test techniques, as they describe the functional and non-functional requirements of the software system from the perspective of the users or the stakeholders.
The primary goal of experience-based test techniques is not to design test cases that can be easily automated using a GUI-based test automation tool, but rather to design test cases that can reveal defects that are not easily detected by other test techniques, such as boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, etc. Test automation is the use of software tools to execute test cases and compare actual results with expected results, without human intervention. Test automation can be applied to different types of test techniques, depending on the test objectives, the test levels, the test tools, and the test resources. However, test automation is not always feasible or beneficial, especially for test cases that require human judgment, creativity, or exploration, such as those designed by experience-based test techniques. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.2.1, Black-box Test Design Techniques ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.2.2, White-box Test Design Techniques ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.2.3, Experience-based Test Design Techniques ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Experience-based Test Technique, Black-box Test Technique, White-box Test Technique, Test Basis, Test Coverage, Test Automation

QUESTION 69
The statement: “Test activities should start in the early stages of the lifecycle, adhering to the testing principle of early testing” is relevant to which of the recognized software development models?

Sequential development model.

Iterative development model.

Incremental development model.

All the above